Reading Passage for Class 10 and 12 (Unseen)
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that
follow:
2015: (Class 10)
The great advantage of early rising is that one can start
one’s work long before others. The early riser has done a large amount of hard
work before other men have got out of bed. Early in the morning the mind is
fresh and no sounds or noises disturb our attention. The work done at that time
is generally well done. Also one finds time to take some exercise in the fresh
morning air. Exercise supplies him with a good deal of energy that enables him
to work hard until the evening. By beginning so early, he knows that he has
plenty of time to do his work thoroughly. He does not have to hurry over any
part of his work. He gets to sleep long before midnight. At that time sleep is
most refreshing. After a night’s sound rest, he rises early next morning in
good health ready for the labour of a new day.
(i) What advantages does an early rise have over others? 1
Answer: The early risers can start their works long before
others. Also, the early riser can complete a large amount of hard work before
the other men have gone out of bed.
(ii) Why should one take exercise in the morning and begin one’s work
so early? 2
Answer: One can find time to take some exercise in the fresh
morning air. Morning Exercise supplies a good deal of energy that enables to
work hard until the evening.
By
beginning so early, it has plenty of time to do work thoroughly. One does not
have to hurry over any part of work.
(iii) What are the uses of going to sleep long before midnight? 2
Answer: The uses of going to sleep long before midnight are
that one can get to sleep long before midnight. At that time sleep is most
refreshing. After a night’s sound rest, one can rise early next morning in good
health ready for the labour of a new day.
2016/2018 Year: (Class 10)
Paper
is one of the most important articles that we use in our day to day life. If
there had been no paper our civilization would not have progressed so fast.
Great scientists write their thoughts on paper first and then carry out their
experiments. Great engineer draw their plans on paper first and then built
houses, bridges, dams and so on. Great thoughts are written or printed on paper
for everyone to read. If there were no paper we would not have all the good
books that are available in the world. Without paper it would be difficult for
the people of one country to know about the people of another country.
(i)Mention three uses of paper. 1
Answer: Three uses of paper are-
(a)Great scientists write their thoughts on paper first and
then carry out their experiments.
(b) Great engineer draw their plans on paper first and then
built houses, bridges, dams and so on.
(c) Great thoughts are written or printed on paper for
everyone to read.
(ii) Why is paper a most essential thing for mankind? 2
Answer:
Paper is a most essential thing for mankind. Because/As, if there had been no
paper then our civilization would not have progressed so fast. Great scientists
write their thoughts on paper first and then carry out their experiments. Great
engineer draw their plans on paper first and then built houses, bridges, dams
and so on. Great thoughts are written or printed on paper for everyone to read.
(iii) What would have happened if there were no paper? 2
Answer:
If there were no paper we would not have all the good books that are available
in the world. Without paper it would be difficult for the people of one country
to know about the people of another country.
2017 Year: (Class 10)
Trees
help to support man’s life by supplying the atmosphere with oxygen which is
essential to life. The oxygen in the air is constantly being used up and turned
into carbon-di-oxide which is the good that plants ‘eat’. The leaves of trees
(in fact, of all green plants) absorb this carbon-di-oxide and with the help of
sunlight break it down into carbon and oxygen. The carbon is used to make
starch and the oxygen is released into the air, so replacing the oxygen used up
by animals. But for this animals would soon die for lack of oxygen.
Starch and other carbon
compounds made in the green leaves of trees (and of other green plants too)
serve as food for animals. The tiny green cells of plants are wonderful
laboratories which produce all the starch in the world. But for this service
done by plants, all animals would sooner or later die for lack of food.
(i) What is the food that the plants ‘eat’? 1
Answer:
The oxygen in the air is constantly being used up and turned into
carbon-di-oxide which is the good that plants ‘eat’.
(ii) How do the green cells of plants serve the animals? 2
Answer: Starch and other carbon compounds made in the
green leaves of trees (and of other green plants too) which serve as food for
animals. Also, the tiny green cells of plants are wonderful laboratories which
produce all the starch in the world.
(iii) How do the leaves of trees break down carbon-di-oxide into carbon
and oxygen? 2
Answer:
The leaves of trees (in fact, of all green plants) absorb this carbon-di-oxide
and with the help of sunlight break it down into carbon and oxygen. The carbon
is used to make starch and the oxygen is released into the air, so replacing
the oxygen used up by animals.
2019 Year: (Class 10)
A good book always teaches us
something, in fact many things directly or indirectly if the mind is willing to
learn. Books are the best companion; they also give us the best society. They
help us in establishing contact with many great men. We hear what such men said
and did; through books we even see them as if they were really alive. As we
read, we hear great thoughts with great minds; we hope and grieve with great
men. The scenes in which they appeared are described for us and as we turn the
pages we come to know what nobleness is. Books work as agents and help us in
being better than we are. Books should, therefore, be treated as friends and
guides.
(i)How can books teach us? 1
Answer: A good book
always teaches us something, in fact many things directly or indirectly if our
minds are willing to learn.
(ii) How can one share the great thoughts through books? 2
Answer:
The books help us in establishing contact with many great men. We hear what the
great men said and did; through books we also see them as if they were really
alive. As we read, we hear great thoughts with great minds; we hope and grieve
with great men. The scenes in which they appeared are described for us and as
we turn the pages we come to know what nobleness is.
(iii) Why should books be treated as friends and guides? 2
Answer:
Books work as agents and help us in being better than we are. A good book always
teaches us something, in fact many things directly or indirectly if the mind is
willing to learn. Books are the best companion; they also give us the best
society. Books should, therefore, be treated as friends and guides.
2020 Year: (Class 10)
Three-fourth of the Earth is
covered by the sea which both separates and unites the various races of
mankind. The sea is the great highway along which man may travel at his will,
the great road that has now walls or hedges hemming it in. Nobody needs to keep
it in good repair with the help of pickaxe and barrels of tar and steamrollers.
The sea appeals to man’s love of the perilous and the unknown, to his love of
conquest, his love of knowledge and his love of gold. Its blue waters call to
him and bid him fare forth in quest of fresh fields. Beyond their horizon he
has found danger and death, glory and gain.
(i) How much of our planet is not covered by the sea? 1
Answer: One-fourth of our planet is not covered by the sea.
(ii) How does the sea help man? 2
Answer:
The Sea is the great highway along which man may travel at his will, the great
road that has now walls or hedges hemming it in. Nobody needs to keep it in
good repair with the help of pickaxe and barrels of tar and steamrollers.
(iii) In what way does the sea appeal to man? 2
Answer:
The Sea appeals to man’s love of the perilous and the unknown, to his love of
conquest, his love of knowledge and his love of gold. Its blue waters call to
him and bid him fare forth in quest of fresh fields.
Reading Passage-1
1. Read the following passage carefully and
answer the question that follow:
1. In spite of all the honours that we
heaped upon him, Pasteur, as has been said, remained simple at heart. Perhaps
the imagery of his boyhood days, when he drew the familiar scenes of his
birthplace, and the longing to be a great artist, never wholly left him. In
truth be did become a great artist, though after his sixteenth year he
abandoned the brush for ever. Like every artist of worth , he put him whole
soul and energy into his work, and it was this very energy that in the end wore
him out. For him, each sufferer was something more than just a case that was to
be cured. He looked upon the fight against hydrophobia as a battle, and he was
absorbed in his determination to win. The sight of injured children,
particularly, moved him to an indescribable extent. He suffered with his
patients, and yet he would not deny himself a share in that suffering. His
greatest grief was when sheer physical exhaustion made him give up his active
work. He retired to the estate at Villeneuve Etang, where he had his kennels for
the study of rabies, and there he passed his last summer, as his great
biographer, Ballery Radot, has said, “practicing the gospels virtues.”
2. “He revered the faith of his
fathers,” says the some writer, “and wished without ostentation or mystery to
receive its aid during his last period.”
3. the attitude of this man to the
science he had done so mush to perfect can be best summed up in a sentence that
he is reputed once to have uttered, concerning the materialism of many of his
contemporaries in similar branches of learning to his own: “the more 1
contemplate the mysteries of Nature, the more my faith become like that of a
peasant.”
4. But even in retirement he loved to see
his former pupils, and it was then he would reiterate his life principles: “work,”
he would say,” so work.” So well had he kept this precept that he began rapidly
to sink from exhaustion.
5. Finally on September 27, 1895, when
someone leant over his bed to offer him a cut of milk he said sadly: “I
cannot”, and with a look of perfect resignation and peace, seemed to fall
asleep. He never again opened his eyes to the cared and sufferings of a world, which
he had done so much to relieved and to conquer. He was within three months of
his seventy-third birthday.
6.
Thus passed, as simple as a child, the man whom the French people were to vote
at a plebiscite as the greatest man that French had even produced. Napoleon,
who had always been considered the idol of France, was placed fifth.
7. No greater tribute could have paid to
Louis Pasteur, the tanner’s son, the scientist, the man of peace, the patient
worker for humanity.
Answer the following question:
a. Even accolades and honours did not
change the simple man that Pasteur was. Why?
Answer: Even accolades and honours did not change the
simple man that Pasteur was because Pasteur remained simple at heart. Imaginary
of his boyhood days, he was longing to be a great artist. He became a great
artist though after his sixteenth year he abandoned the brush forever. Like
every artist of worth, he put his whole soul and energy into his work.
b. How did Pasteur view those who suffered
from diseases?
Answer
According to Pasteur view, each sufferer was something more than just a case
that was to be cured. He looked upon the fight against hydrophobia as a battle
and he was absorbed in his determination to win. So, for him, the sufferer
should be fight against any diseases and should absorb in determination to win
the disease.
c. How did Pasteur engage himself in the
estate?
Answer: When
he retired to the estate at Villeneuve Etang then he had his kennels for the
study of rabies. There, he had passed his last summer and was practicing the
Gospel virtues.
d.
What advice did he always give to his pupils?
Answer: He or Pasteur advised to his pupils to work
and never cease to work. So well had he kept this percept that he began top
rapidly to sink from exhaustion.
e. How did France, the county of his birth,
honour this great scientist?
Answer: As
simply as a child, the man (Pasteur) whom the French people were to vote at a
plebiscite as the greatest man that France had ever produced. Even, no greater
tribute could have been paid to Louis Pasteur, the tanner’s son, the scientist,
the man of peace, the patient worker for humanity.
Reading Passage-2:
2. Read the
following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
(1)
In 1889, the fifth session of the Indian National Congress was help in
Mumbai. Leaders from all over the county were in the packed hall.
(2) A bright-eyed pretty young
lady with a glowing, intelligent face rose to address the gathering. It was
unprecedented.
(3) There were no loud speakers and
people at the back could not hear her. They started surging forward. “Brothers,
excuse me, my voice cannot reach you. But I am not surprised. For centuries,
did you ever try to listen to the voice of a woman? Did you give her the
strength to make her voice audible to you?”
(4) The delegates had no answer.
(5) There was more to come from the
courageous young lady known as Pandita Ramabai. Till that day woman hardly ever
attended Congress sessions. It was Pandita Ramabai’s effort that resulted in
nine woman delegates attending the 1889 session of the congress
(6) She was not content to be a dumb
delegate. She made a forceful sdpp3ech on the resolution about the practice of
cutting off the hair of widowed women. “You men are demanding the right of
representation in British Parliament, so that you can voice the opinion of
Indians. You gave been crying hoarse in this very pandal for freedom of expression.
Then why don’t you give the same freedom to women in your families? Why do you
force a woman to become ugly and dependent as soon as she becomes a widow? Does
a widower ever do that? He has the freedom to do whatever he wants. Then why
not the woman?”
7. One can
say that Pandita Ramabai laid the foundation of the movement of women’s
liberation in India.
8.Ramabai
never minced words. She had the courage of her conviction and stood by it. She
had inherited this courage to defy social injustice from her parents, Pandit
Anantshastry Dongre and Laxmibai Dongre.
9. Anantshastri
was a great scholar. He defied society and taught Sanskrit to his wife and two
daughters. “There is nothing in Shastras which prohibits women from learning.
Sanskrit”, he maintained and proved his contention by giving more than 300
references. But the orthodox scholars were not convinced. The ostracised him.
Anantshastri did not care. He established this Ashram in the wilderness of
Gangamul in Andhra Pradesh. His generosity and the unscrupulous behaviour of
his elder son-in-law deprived him of all his assets. He was forded to live the
life of a nomad, reciting and interpreting Puranas, Bhagwat and other holy
books to people. The family survived on whatever little cash or grain offered
by the audience.
10. Ramabai
wrote: “Two third of the audience consisted of women who never go empty handed
to a dis-course. They always offer something to the diety as well as to the Kirtankar or kathakar. Men just ring the bell and do Namaskar. Thus, half of the
expenditure of these temples is met by the generosity of women. Even then these
priests and so-called scholars consider women as obstacles in pursuit of
knowledge. They deny women the right to learn. How ungrateful: what injustice.
11. The
family travelled around for sixteen years, and that helped to broaden Ramabai’s
out look.
12. Right
from childhood she could not stand injustice. One day she tried to save a
little girl of miner from being burnt the dead body of her husband. “If a women
has to burn and become sati, does man become sata after his wife’s death?” She
asked indignantly. The young girl’s mother has no answer and simply said. “It
is man’s world, they make laws: women have to obey.” “Why do women tolerate
such laws? countered Ramabai. “When I grow up, I will fight against these laws”
And fight she did against every type of exploitation of women by men.
13. Perhaps
it was to make her strong enough for her future mission that Providence made
her go through one disaster after another.
14. Her
father died when she was sixteen. They could no give sugar and water which he
asked for on his deathbed. They were then travelling through the
famine-affected area of Venkatgiri. With tears in their eyes and love in their
heart, Ramabai’s family could only give some water to the dying man. Nobody
helped them in his burial. After great persuasion one Brahmin got a pit dug.
Srinivas, Ramabai’s brother, wrapped the dead body in a sheet and carried it to
the put, And the great scholarly sanyasi was buried.
1.1 Answer the following
questions:
(i) Which session of the
Indian National Congress was held in Mumbai in 1889?
Answer: The fifth session of the Indian National
Congress was held in Mumbai in 1889.
(ii)How many women
delegates attended the 1889 session of the Indian National Congress?
Answer: Nine women delegates attended the 1889
session of the Indian National Congress.
(iii) Who, according to
the passage, laid the foundation of the women liberation movement in India?
Answer:
Pandita Ramabai, according to the passage, laid the foundation of the women
liberation movement in India.
(iv)How did Anantshastri
defy the society?
Anwser: Anantshastri was a great scholar. He defied
society and taught Sanskrit to his wife and two daughters. According to him, there is nothing in Shastras
which prohibits women from learning, Sanskrit. He maintained and proved his
contention by giving more than 300 references.
(v) “They ostracises him” (Para 9)
(a)Who are ‘they’
referred to here?
Answer:
‘They’ are referred to here to the orthodox scholars.
(b) Explain the meaning of the sentences.
Answer: The meaning of the sentences is
that the orthodox scholars were not convinced.
(vi) Which incident made her fight
against every type of exploitation of women by men?
Answer: One day Ramabai tried to save a little girl
of nine from being burnt the dead body of her husband.
She asked indignantly if
a woman had to burn and became sati and the man became sata after his wife’s
death. The young girl’s mother had no answer and simply said that it is man’s
world, they make laws and the women have to obey. Ramabai countered why the women tolerated such
laws. She said that when she would grow up then she would fight against these
laws. She also promised that she would do against every type of exploitation of
women by men.
(vii)What did the young girl, mother tell
Ramabai?
Answer: The young girl, mother tells Ramabai that it
is man’s world, they make laws and the women have to obey.
Reading Passage-3:
(2014), Class 12
3. Read the following passage carefully:
1. At 4.30 P.M., Abha brought in the last he was ever to eat; it
consisted of goat’s milk, cooked
And rav Vegetables, oranges and a connection
of ginger, sour lemons strained butter with juice of aloe. Setting on the floor
of his room in the rear of Birla House in New Delhi, Gandhi ate and talked with
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Deputy Prime Minister of the new government of
independent India. Maniben, Patel’s daughter and secretary, was also present.
The of conversation was important. There had been rumours of differences
between Patel and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. This problem, like so many
others had been dropped into the Mahatma’s lap.
2. Abha, alone with Gandhi and the Patel’s, hesitated to interrupt. But
she knew Gandhi’s attachment to punctuality. Finally, therefore, she picked up
the Mahatma’s nickel-plated watch and showed it to him.
‘I must tear myself away’, Gandhi
remarked, and so saying he rose, went to
the adjoining bathroom and then started towards the prayer ground in the large
park to the left of the house. Abha, the young wife of kanu Gandhi, grandson of
the Mahatma’s cousim, and Manu, the granddaughter of another cousim,
accompanied him; he leaned his forearms on their shoulders. ‘My walking
sticks’, he called them.
3. During the daily two-minute promenade through the long, red-sandstone
colonnade that lad to the prayer ground, Gandhi relaxed and joked. Now he
mentioned the carrot juice Abha had given him that morning.
4. ‘So you are serving me cattle fare,’ he said, and laughed.
5. ‘Ba used to call it horse fare,’ Abha replied. Ba was Gandhi’s
deceased wife.
6. ‘Isn’t it grand of me, Gandhi Bantered, ‘to relish what no one else
wants?’
7. ‘Bapu (father),’said Abha, ‘your watch be feeling very neglected. You
would not look at it today.’
8. ‘Why should I, since you are my timekeepers?’ Gandhi retored .
9. ‘But you don’t look at the timekeepers,’ Manu noted Gandhi laughed
again.
On the basis of tour reading of the passage
answer the following questions:
(a)
What did Gandhi eat his last meal?
Answer: Gandhi ate goat’s milk, cooked and
raw vegetables, oranges and concoction of ginger, sour lemons and strained
butter with juice of aloe in his last meal.
(b) Who were the persons present when
Gandhi ate his last meal?
Answer: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Deputy
Prime Minister of the new government of Independent India), Maniben (Patel’s
daughter and secretary), Abha (wife of a grandson of the Mahatma Gandhi’s
cousin) and Manu (granddaughter of the Mahatma Gandhi’s another cousin) were
present when Gandhi ate his last meal.
(c) What was the problem that had been
dropped into Gandhi’s lap?
Answer: There had been rumours of
differences between Patel and Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. This was the
problem that had been dropped into Gandhi’s lap.
(d)Why did Abha show Gandhi the
nickel-plated watch?
Answer: Abha, alone with Gandhi and the
Patels (Vallabhbhai Patel and Maniben Patel), hesitated to interrupt. But, Abha
knew Gandhi’s attachment to punctuality. So, Abha showed Gandhi the
nickel-plated watch finally.
(e)Who
were the timekeepers of Gandhi?
Answer: Abha and Manu were the
timekeepers of Gandhi.
(f)What is the cattle fare referred to?
Answer: The cattle fare is referred to
the carrot juice.
Reading
Passage-4
2015: Class 12
4.Read the following passage carefully :
So the ships were
brought into the duck and the passengers began to go ashore. But Mr. Escombe
had sent word to the captain that, as the whites were highly enraged against me
and my life was in danger, my family and I should be advised to land at dusk, when
the port superintendent Mr. Tatum would escort us home. The captain
communicated the massage to me. And agree to me act accordingly. But scarcely
half an hour after this, Mr. Laughton came to the captain. He said : I would
like to take Mr. Gandhi with me, should he have no objection. As the legal
adviser of the agent company I tell you that you are not bound to carry out the
massage you have received from Mr. Escombe.’ After this he came to me and said
somewhat to this effect: If you are not afraid, I suggest that Mrs. Gandhi and
the children should drive to Mr. Rustomji’s
house. Whilst you and I follow them on foot. I don’t at all like the
idea if your entering the city like a thief in the night. I do not think there
is any fear of anyone hurting you. Everything is quiet now. The whites have all
dispersed. But in any case I am convinced that you ought not to enter the city
stealthily.’ I readily agreed. My wife and children drove safely to Mr.
Rustomji’s palce with the captain’s permission I went ashore with Mr. Laugthon.
Mr. Rustomji’s house was about two miles from the duck.
On the basis of your reading of the
passage answer the following questions:
(a) Who is the speaker in this passage?
Answer: Mr. Gandhi is the speaker in this
passage.
(b)What word had Mr Escombe sent to the
captain of the ship?
Answer: Mr Escombe had sent word to the
captain of the ship that the whites or the white people/English People were
highly enraged/very angry against him and his life was in danger. So, Mr.
Gandhi should be advised to land at dusk when the Port Superintendent, Mr.
Tatum would escort them home.
(c)Why did Mr Laughton come to the
Captain?
Answer: Mr Laughton came to the Captain
to take Mr. Gandhi with him. Because, he was the legal adviser of the Agent
Company.
(d)What did Mr Laughton say to the
speaker?
Answer: Mr Laughton said to the speaker
that if he was not afraid, he suggested that Mrs. Gandhi and the children
should drive to Mr. Rustomji’s house, whilst Mr. Gandhi and he followed them on
foot. He also said that he did not at all like the idea of his entering the
city like a thief in the night. He also said that he did not think there was
any fear of anyone hurting him. As he said that everything was quiet then, the
whites had all dispersed, but in any case he was convinced that he ought not to
enter the city stealthily or moving like a thief.
(e)The speaker readily agreed to Mr
Laughton’s suggestion. What does it tell us about the speaker’s character?
Answer: The speaker readily agreed to Mr
Laughton’s suggestion. It tells us that the speaker also did not like the idea
of entering the city like a thief in the night. Also, the speaker did not think
that anyone hurt him. Besides, he had no any fear towards the whites or the
English people like Mr Laughton.
(f)Find a word from the passage that means
“moving secretly or moving like a thief”.
Answer: Stealthily .
Note: Reading
passage of 2016 paper is same as 2014
Reading
Passage-5
2017: Class 12
5. Read the following passage carefully:
Today’s woman is a highly self-directed
person, alive to the sense of her dignity and the importance of her functions
in the private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work.
Women are rational in a approach, careful in handing situation and want to do
things as best as possible. The Fourth
world Conference of Women held in Beijing in September 1995 had
emphasised that no enduring solution of society’s most threatening social,
economic and political problems could be found without the participation and
empowerment of the women. The 1995 World Summit for Social Development had also
emphasised the pivotal role of women in eradicating poverty and mending the
social fabric.
The Constitution of India had conferred
on women equal rights and opportunites – political, social, educational and of
employment – with men. Because of oppressive traditions, superstitions,
exploitation and corruption, a majority of women are not allowed to enjoy the
rights and opportunities, bestowed on them. One of the major reasons for this
state of affairs is the lack of literacy and awareness among women. Education
is the main instrument through which we can narrow down the prevailing
inequality and accelerate the process of economic and political change in the
status of women.
The role of women in a society is very
important. Women’s education is the key to a better life in the future. A
recent World Bank study says that educating girls is not a charity, it is good
economics and if developing nations are to eradicate poverty, they must educate
the girls. The report says that the economic and social returns in
investment in education of the girls
considerably affect the human development index of the nations. Society would
progress only if the status of women is respected and the presence of an
educated woman in the family would insure education of the family itself.
Education and empowerment of women are closely related.
On the basis of your reading of passage
answer the following questions:
(a)Mention some of the qualities of
today’s women.
Answer: Some of the qualities of today’s
women are:
(i)Today’s women are highly self-directed
and self-dependant.
(ii) They have the high dignity, the
private domestic domain and the public domain of the world of work now.
(iii)Women are rational in approach,
careful in handling situations and want to do things as best as possible.
(b)Where was the Fourth World conference
of women held and what did it emphasise?
Answer:
The Fourth World conference of women was held in September 1995. It emphasized
that no enduring solution of society’s most threatening social, economic and
political problems could be found without the participation and empowerment of
the women.
(c)What factors prevent a majority of
women from enjoying their rights and opportunities?
Answer: Oppressive of traditions, superstitions,
exploitations and corruptions are the major factors which prevent a majority of
women from enjoying their rights and opportunities. The other major factors are
the lack of literacy and awareness among the women.
(d) What can education do for the cause
of women?
Answer: Education is the main instrument
through which the women can narrow down the prevailing inequality. They can be accelerating
the process of economic and political change in the status of women through education.
(e)What is the observation of World Bank
on girl education?
Answer: According to the observation of
World Bank, educating girls is not a charity. It is good economics and if
developing nations are to eradicate poverty then it must educate the girls. As
the report of World Bank, the economic and social returns on investment in
education of the girls considerably affect the human development index of the
nation.
Reading
Passage-6
2018: Class 12
6. Read the following passage carefully:
Among the natural resources
which can be called upon in national plans for development, possibly the most
important is human labour, Since the English language suffers from a certain
weakness in its ability to describe groups composed of both male and female members,
this is usually described as “manpower”.
Without a productive labour
force, including effective leadership and intelligent middle management, no
amount of foreign assistance or of natural wealth can ensure successful
development and modernization.
The manpower for development during the
next quarter century will come from the world’s present population of infants,
children and adolescent. But we are not sure that they will be equal to the
task. Will they have the health, the education, the skills, the socio-cultural
attitudes essential for the responsibilities of development?
For far too many of them the
answer is no. the reason is basic. A child’s most critical years, with regard
to physical, intellectual, social and emotional development, are those before
he reaches five years of ago. During those critical formative years he is cared
for almost exclusively by his mother, and many parts of the world the mother
may not have the capacity to raise a superior child, she is incapable of doing
so by reason of her own poor health, her ignorance and her lack of status and
recognition of social and legal rights, of economic parity, of independence,
one essential factor has been overlooked or ignored. The forgotten factor is
the role of women. Development will be handicapped as long as women remain
second class citizens, uneducated, without any voice in family or
communication, married when they are still practically children, and henceforth
producing one baby after another, often to see half of them die before they are
of school age.
We can enhance development by
improving “women power”, by giving women the opportunity to develop themselves.
Statistics show that the average family size increases in inverse ratio to the
mother’s years of education-is lowest among college graduates, highest among
those with only primary school training, or no education.
Malnutrition is most frequent
in large families, and increases in frequency with each additional sibling. The
principle seems established that an educated mother has healthier and more
intelligent children, and that this is related to the fact this she has fewer
children. The tendency of educated, upper class mothers to have fewer children
operates even without access to contraceptive services.
The educational level of women
is significant also because it has a direct influence upon their chases of
employment, and the number of employed women in a country’s total labour force
has a direct bearing on both the Gross National Product and the disposable
income of the individual family. Disposable income, especially in the hands of
women, influence food purchasing and therefore the nutritional status of the
family. The fact that the additional a logical incentive to restrict of the
passage answer the following the questions:
I.
Choose the most appropriate option:
a) Among the natural resource which can
be called upon in national plans for development-
i) the most important is certainly human
labour.
ii) the most important is possibly human
labour.
iii) the least developed is certainly
human labour.
iv) the least developed is undoubtedly
human labour.
Answer:
(a)Among the natural resources which can
be called upon in national plans for development-
(ii) the most important is possibly human
labour.
(b) without a productive labour force,
including effective leadership and intelligent middle management
i) no productive work is possible.
ii) entrepreneurs will incur heavy loss.
iii) economic development will not keep
pace with national movements.
iv) no amount of foreign assistance or of
natural wealth can ensure successful development and modernization.
Answer:
Without a productive labour force,
including effective leadership and intelligent middle management
(iv) no amount of foreign assistance or
of natural wealth can ensure successful development and modernization
(c) the manpower development during the
next quarter century.
i) will be adversely affected by the
threat of war.
ii) will come from the world’s present
population of infants, children and adolescent.
iii) will be taken care of by the current
emphasis on free education for women.
iv) will be adversely affected by the
country’s economic losses and political
instability.
Answer:
The manpower development during the next
quarter century
(ii) will come from the world’s present
population of infants, children and adolescents.
(d) “Women power” means
i) giving women the opportunities to
develop themselves.
ii) giving women the opportunities to
fight themselves.
iii)giving women the opportunities to dominate
others.
iv) giving women the opportunities to
befool others
Answer:
“Women power” means
(i) giving women the opportunity to
develop themselves
II:
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) What will be the source of the
manpower development during the next quarter century?
Answer: The world’s present population of
infants, children and adolescents will be the source of the manpower
development during the next quarter century.
(b) During which period is a child’s
growth maximum?
Answer: From born to before reaches of
five years of age, in this period, a child’s growths maximum.
(c)Why can’t the first teacher be
effective in some of the regions of India?
Answer: The first teacher or the mother
cannot be effective in some of the regions of India. Because, she is incapable
of doing so by reason of her own poor health, her ignorance, her lack of status
and recognition of social and legal rights; lack of economic parity of
independence etc. Also, the mother often remains second-class citizens,
uneducated, without any voice in family or community and married at low age.
(d)What will happen to development if the
womenfolk are neglected?
Answer: Development will be handicapped
if the womenfolk are neglected.
(e)How can we accelerate the rate of
progress?
Answer: We can accelerate the rate of
progress by improving “women power”, by giving women the opportunity to develop
themselves in every field along with education.
(f)What is the difference between an educated
mother and an illiterate mother?
Answer: An educated mother has healthier,
more intelligent children and fewer children than an illiterate mother. The
tendency of educated, an educated mother has fewer children that operated even
without access to contraceptive services.
Reading Passage-7
2019 Question paper, Class 12
7. Read the following passage carefully:
It is a disturbing fact
that today many different kinds of wild animals throughout the world are in
danger of extinction. The reasons for this are many and varied, but we must
largely blame pollution, pesticides, the disturbance of the animals’ natural
environment and man’s greed and thoughtlessness.
Industry has grown
enormously, and it has become common practice for factories to dispose of waste
matter in streams and rivers, causing great loss of river life. Modern
agricultural methods include the use of pesticides which effectively control
insects classified as pests, but which also destroy many that are not. An
increase in population has meant more building and with it the destruction of
much of the countryside that provides habitat for wild animals. To satisfy
man’s selfish desires the polar bear in North America is under threat, hunted
by sportsmen; in Borneo and Sumatra the orang-utan had become part of a
smuggling racket; in South America the chinchilla is almost extinct because its
fur is in demand; whales are massacred world-wide for the oil and the food they
yield. These are only a few of the species under threat.
But the problem is
receiving world-wide recognition, and some action is being taken. To name a few
examples--- sewage pollution in the river themes has been greatly reduced; a
ban on trading in some furs has been agreed ; and organizations like Friends of
the Earth do valuable work in this deserving cause.
On the basis of your reading of the
passage answer the following questions:
(a)Cite the reasons as to why some
species of wild animals are on the verge of extinction.
Answer: Pollution, pesticides, the
disturbance of the animals’ natural environment, man’s greed and
thoughtlessness etc are some of the reasons. For these, some species of wild
animals are on the verge of extinction.
(b)What has brought about the destruction
of much of the countryside?
Answer: Increasing of population has
brought about the destruction of much of the countryside.
(c)Why are the polar bear and the whales
under threat?
Answer: The polar bears are hunted by the
sportsmen to satisfy man’s selfish desires and the whales are massacred for the
oil and the food they yield. For these reasons, the polar bear and the whales
are under threat.
(d)Which animal is hunted for its fur?
Answer: The chinchilla is hunted for its
fur.
(e)Mention the ways in which life is
currently helped.
Answer: Now a days, sewage pollution in
the river Thames has been greatly reduced; a ban on trading in some furs has
been agreed; and some organization like friends of the Earth do valuable ways
in which wild life is currently helped.
(f) Give the adjective form of ‘habitat’.
Answer: The adjective form of ‘habitat’
is ‘habitable’, means suitable place to live.
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