Note: ওপৰত উল্লেখ কৰা ধৰনে প্রথমে আমি Reporting Verb টো সলনি কৰিব লাগে।
2.Connective:
Assertive-----that, Ex- He said, “I am writing now.” IND-He said that he was writing then.
Interrogative- if/whether (Auxiliary Verb) & W/H-W/H, Ex- She said to me, “Are you hungry now?”, IND- He asked me if/whether I was hungry then. & He said to me, “What are you doing now?” INDN-He asked me what I was doing then.
Imperative- to, Ex-The old man said to me, “Read your lesson regularly.” IND-The old man advised me to read my lesson regularly.
Optative- that, The old man said to me, “May God bless you.”, INDD- The old man prayed me that God might bless me.
Exclamatory- that, He said, “Hurruh ! we have won the match.”, IND- He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
3.Subject & Pronoun:
|
Subject |
Pronoun |
Object |
|
মই--I |
মোৰ- my |
মোক-me |
|
আমি--We |
আমাৰ-our |
আমাক-us |
|
তুমি-You |
তোমাৰ-your |
তোমাক-you |
|
তোমালোক- you |
তোমালোকৰ- yours |
তোমালোকক- yours |
|
সিঁ/তেঁখেত-he |
তাৰ/তেখেতৰ- his |
তাক/তেখেতক- him |
|
তাই-she |
তাইৰ-her |
তাইক-her |
|
সিহঁত/তেখেতসকল-they |
সিহঁতৰ/তেখেতসকলৰ-their |
সিহঁতক/তেখেতসকলক-them |
ওপৰত উল্লেখ কৰা ধৰণে বাক্যটো Subject & Pronoun Change কৰিব লাগে, এই দিশত নিজে বিষয়টো নিজৰ ভাষাত বুজিব লাগিব । তলৰ বাক্যটো মন কৰা-
He said to me, “I(subject) am writing your(pronoun) note now.”
He told me that he(subject) was writing my(pronoun) note then.
ওপৰৰ বাক্যটোত কৈছে, তেওঁ মোক কৈছিল, “মই তুমাৰ নোট লিখি আছো ।”, এতিয়া এই বাক্যটো নিজৰ ভাষাত (Indirect Narration) ক’লে এনে হব—তেওঁ মোক কৈছিল যে তেওঁ(মই) মোৰ(তুমাৰ) নোট লিখি আছে ।
4.Time Expression Change , 5.Place Expression Change & 6.Tense Change, এই কেইটা বাক্যটো Past Tense অর্থাৎ বাক্যটো অতীতত হ’লেহে সলনি হ’ব । নহ’লে Present or Future Tense হলে সলনি নহব । তলৰ উদাহৰণলৈ মন কৰা-
Present Tense:
She says to him, “I am doing this work here
now.” (Present
Continuous)
She tells him that he is doing this work here now. (Present Continuous)
ওপৰৰ Time Expression, “now”, Place Expression, “this” & “Here” আরু Tense, “Present Continuous”, Indirect Narration টো সলনি হোৱা নাই, কাৰণ বাক্যটো বর্তমানত কৈছে। “She says to him” অর্থাৎ তাই তাক কৈছে, অর্থাৎ কথাতো এতিয়া কৈছে, অতীতত ‘কৈছিল’ বুলি কোৱা নাই ।
Future Tense:-
He will say to me, “I shall go to this place tomorrow.” (Future Indefinite)
He will tell me that he will go to this place
tomorrow. (Future Indefinite)
ওপৰৰ বাক্যতো ভৱিষ্যতে কথাতো কব বুলি বুজাইছে । সেয়েহে একো সলনি নহ’ব ।
Past Tense:-
এতিয়া আহা আমি বাক্যতো অতীতত থাকিলে কেনেদৰে সলনি হয়, তাৰ বিষয় জানো—
উদাহৰণঃ-
The girl said to me, “I am writing your notes here now.”
সেই ছোৱালীজনীয়ে মোক কৈছিল, “মই এতিয়া ইয়াত আপোনাৰ নোট লিখি আছো ।”
সেই ছোৱালীজনীয়ে মোক কৈছিল তাই(মই) তেতিয়া(এতিয়া) তাত(ইয়াত) মোৰ(আপোনাৰ) নোট লিখি আছিল ।
The girl told me that she was writing my (your) notes there(here) then(now).
4.Time
Expression Change:
* কথাটো অতীতত ক’লেহে বা Reporting Verb টো Past ত হ’লেহে (Said/told/asked/requested/wished/exclaimed
etc) তলত
দিয়া সমূহ সলনি কৰিবা ।
|
Direct Narration |
Indirect Narration |
|
Now (এতিয়া) |
Then (তেতিয়া) |
|
Today (আজি) |
That day (সেই দিনা) |
|
Tomorrow (কালিলৈ) |
The next day or the following day (পিছৰ দিনা) |
|
Yesterday (কালি) |
The previous day or the day before (আগৰ দিনা) |
|
Last Night (শেষ নিশা) |
The night before or the previous night (আগনিশা) |
|
Tonight (আজি ৰাতি) |
That night (সেই নিশা) |
5.Place Change বা ঠাইৰ সলনিঃ
* কথাটো অতীতত ক’লেহে বা Reporting Verb টো Past ত হ’লেহে (Said/told/asked/requested/wished/exclaimed
etc) তলত
দিয়া সমূহ সলনি কৰিবা ।
|
Direct Narration |
Indirect Narration |
|
This / it (এইটো) |
That (সেইটো) |
|
These (এইবোৰ) |
Those (সেইবোৰ) |
|
|
|
|
Thus (এইদৰে / এইবাবে) |
So / in that manner way (সেইবাবে / সেইদৰে) |
6. Tense Change বা Tense ৰ সলনিঃ
* কথাটো অতীতত ক’লেহে বা Reporting Verb টো Past ত হ’লেহে (Said/told/asked/requested/wished/exclaimed
etc) তলত
দিয়া সমূহ সলনি কৰিবা ।
|
Direct Narration |
Indirect Narration |
|
Present Indefinite |
Past Indefinite |
|
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous |
|
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect |
|
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Past Indefinite |
Past Perfect |
|
Past Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
Past Perfect |
Past Perfect |
|
Past Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous |
|
In Future Tenses: * Shall / will |
* Should / would |
|
Can |
Could |
|
May |
Might |
|
Have/Has |
Had |
*** Present
Perfect আরু Past
Indefiniteৰ বাক্যসমূহ
Direct ৰ পৰা Indirect
লৈ
নিওতে আমি Past Perfect কৰিব
লাগে । কিন্তূ, Indirect ত, Past
Perfect ত
থাকিলে Past Indefinite নে Present
Perfect লৈ নিম
?
ইয়াৰ
বাবে আমি বাক্যটোৰ ‘Time Expression’ টো মন কৰিব
লাগিব । যদি বাক্যটোৰ ‘Time Expression’, ‘the
previous day’
or ‘the day before’ থাকে তেনেহ’লে আমি ‘Indirect’ to ‘Direct’
লৈ নিওঁতে ‘Yesterday’ ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগিব, সেয়েহে বাক্যটো ‘Past
Indefinite’ত লিখিব
লাগিব ।
Example-
Indirect: He told me
that he had gone to the party the day before or the previous day.
Direct: He said to
me, “I went to the party yesterday.”
আকৌ, যদি
বাক্যটোৰ ‘Time Expression’ ‘Just Then’ বা আন Present Perfect ৰ লগত সংগতি থকা Expression থাকে তেনেহ’লে আমি ‘Indirect’ to ‘Direct’
লৈ নিওতে ‘Just Now’ বা অন্য Present Perfect ৰ Time Expression ব্যৱহাৰ কৰিব লাগিব, সেয়েহে বাক্যটো ‘Present
Perfect Tense’ ত লিখিব
লাগিব ।
Example:
Indirect: She told me
that she had done the work just then.
Direct: She said to
me, “I have done the work just now.”